Penerapan Pendekatan Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL) dalam Model Pembelajaran Saintifik pada Materi Sistem Pencernaan untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35719/vektor.v6i1.190Keywords:
Berpikir Kritis, Sistem Pencernaan, Teaching at the Right Level, Critical Thinking, Digestive System, Pembelajaran saintifik, Scientific learningAbstract
This study was motivated by the low critical thinking skills of students in science learning, particularly on the human digestive system. The study aimed to analyse the improvement of students’ critical thinking skills through the implementation of the Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL) approach within scientific learning. The study employed classroom action research based on the Kemmis and McTaggart model and was conducted in two cycles. The participants were 30 fifth-grade students of MIN 2 Lumajang. Data were collected through critical thinking tests, learning activity observations, interviews, and documentation. The data were analysed using quantitative and qualitative approaches. The findings showed that the average achievement across five indicators increased from 61.2% in Cycle I to 87.3% in Cycle II, representing an increase of 26.1 percentage points. The largest increases occurred in the observing and communicating indicators, both increasing by 32 percentage points. These findings indicate that integrating TaRL with scientific learning can support the development of students’ critical thinking skills by providing learning activities that are aligned with their different levels of ability. This approach may serve as an adaptive alternative for science learning in primary schools.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik dalam pembelajaran IPA, khususnya pada materi sistem pencernaan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik melalui penerapan pendekatan Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL) dalam pembelajaran saintifik. Penelitian menggunakan metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan model Kemmis dan McTaggart yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas 30 peserta didik kelas V C MIN 2 Lumajang. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes kemampuan berpikir kritis, observasi aktivitas pembelajaran, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata capaian lima indikator meningkat dari 61,2% pada Siklus I menjadi 87,3% pada Siklus II, atau meningkat sebesar 26,1 poin persentase. Peningkatan terbesar terdapat pada indikator mengamati dan mengomunikasikan, masing-masing sebesar 32 poin persentase. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan TaRL yang dipadukan dengan pembelajaran saintifik dapat mendukung peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik melalui pembelajaran yang disesuaikan dengan tingkat kemampuan mereka. Pendekatan ini dapat menjadi alternatif strategi pembelajaran IPA yang adaptif di sekolah dasar.
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