Reaksi Fisi dan Reaksi Fusi dalam Mekanisme Bom Atom dan Senjata Termonuklir
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35719/vektor.v2i1.19Keywords:
atomic bombs, fission reactions, fusion reactions, thermonuclear weaponsAbstract
Tujuan penelitian ini membahas mengenai reaksi fisi dan fusi pada bom atom dan senjata termonuklir. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, jenis penelitiannya menggunakan studi analitik komprehensif. Bagian paling vital dari ledakan fisi yang terjadi dalam bom atom tak lain adalah material yang berfisi itu sendiri. Ada dua unsur radioaktif yang biasa dipakai, yakni uranium dan plutonium, masing-masing dengan aneka isotopnya. Mulai dari U-232, U-234, U-235, dan U-238 untuk uranium, hingga Pu-238, Pu-239, dan Pu240 untuk plutonium. Elemen pemicu ledak yang dipakai dalam ledakan termonuklir ialah deuterium (D) alias hydrogen berat atau yang juga popular dengan sebutan ‘air berat’ (heavy water). Dari setiap 5000 atom hydrogen, bisa dipastikan satu isotop di antaranya dalam bentuk deuterium. Inti deuterium (deutron) terdiri dari satu proton (p) dan satu neutron (n). saat berpasangan, dua deutron membentuk inti atom helium (He-4) yang relatif stabil. Dalam semua jenis reaksi ini, inti atom berat terbentuk melalui proses fusi.
Kata Kunci: bom atom, reaksi fisi, reaksi fusi, senjata termonuklir
The purpose of this research is to discuss fission and fusion reactions in atomic bombs and thermonuclear weapons. This research is a qualitative research. This type of research uses a comprehensive analytical study. The most vital part of the fission explosion that occurs in an atomic bomb is none other than the fission material itself. There are two radioactive elements in common use, uranium and plutonium, each with its different isotopes. They range from U-232, U-234, U-235, and U-238 for uranium, to Pu-238, Pu-239, and Pu240 for plutonium. The explosive trigger element used in thermonuclear explosions is deuterium (D) heavy hydrogen or also popularly known as "heavy water" (heavy water). For every 5000 hydrogen atoms, one can be sure of one of them in the form of deuterium. The nucleus of heuterium (deutron) consists of one proton (p) and one neutron (n). When paired, the two deutrons form a relatively stable nucleus of helium (He-4). In all of these types of reactions, heavy atomic nuclei are formed by fusion.
Keywords: atomic bombs, fission reactions, fusion reactions, thermonuclear weapons
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